Cataract Surgery in Kolkata is one of the most common eye conditions affecting vision, particularly among older adults. In a historic and densely populated city like Kolkata, factors such as aging population, prolonged exposure to sunlight, environmental pollution, and lifestyle-related health conditions have contributed to an increasing number of cataract cases. With access to established healthcare infrastructure and modern ophthalmic technology, cataract treatment in Kolkata is effective, safe, and widely available.

What Is a Cataract?

A cataract occurs when the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to blurred or reduced vision. The eye’s lens is normally clear and helps focus light onto the retina for sharp vision. When the lens becomes opaque, light cannot pass through properly, resulting in vision impairment. Cataracts often develop gradually and may affect one or both eyes.

Causes of Cataract

Aging is the primary cause of cataract, as natural changes in the eye lens occur over time. Other factors that may contribute to cataract formation include:

• Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays
• Diabetes and other systemic health conditions
• Eye injuries or trauma
• Prolonged use of steroid medications
• Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
• Genetic predisposition

In Kolkata, environmental factors such as humidity, dust, and air pollution may also impact overall eye health.

Symptoms of Cataract

Cataract symptoms typically develop slowly and may not be noticeable in the early stages. Common signs include:

• Blurry or cloudy vision
• Difficulty seeing in low-light conditions or at night
• Sensitivity to bright light and glare
• Fading or yellowing of colors
• Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions
• Double vision in one eye

As the condition progresses, everyday activities like reading, driving, and recognizing faces can become challenging.

Diagnosis of Cataract

Cataracts are diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination. An eye specialist may perform several tests, such as:

• Visual acuity testing to assess clarity of vision
• Slit-lamp examination to closely examine the lens
• Retinal examination to evaluate overall eye health

Early diagnosis allows timely monitoring and appropriate treatment planning.

Cataract Treatment Options

In the early stages, cataract symptoms may be managed with updated eyeglasses, better lighting, or magnifying lenses. However, cataracts cannot be treated with medication. Surgery is the only effective treatment once vision loss begins to affect daily life.

Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery involves removing the cloudy natural lens and replacing it with a clear artificial intraocular lens (IOL). It is one of the safest and most commonly performed surgeries worldwide. The procedure is usually done on an outpatient basis and typically takes 15 to 30 minutes.

Common cataract surgery techniques available in Kolkata include:

• Phacoemulsification – A minimally invasive procedure using ultrasound to remove the cataract
• Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS) – Suitable for certain advanced cataracts
• Laser-assisted cataract surgery – Provides enhanced precision in selected cases

The choice of surgical method depends on the patient’s eye condition and medical evaluation.

Types of Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)

An artificial lens is implanted during surgery to restore vision. Common types include:

• Monofocal lenses – Correct vision at a single distance
• Multifocal lenses – Reduce dependence on glasses for near and far vision
• Toric lenses – Designed to correct astigmatism

The type of lens selected depends on visual requirements, lifestyle, and eye health.

Recovery and Aftercare

Recovery after cataract surgery is generally quick and uncomplicated. Most patients notice significant improvement in vision within a few days, with complete healing taking a few weeks. Post-surgery care typically includes:

• Regular use of prescribed eye drops
• Avoiding eye rubbing and exposure to dust
• Wearing protective eyewear in bright sunlight
• Attending scheduled follow-up visits

Cost of Cataract Treatment in Kolkata

The cost of cataract surgery in Kolkata varies depending on the type of surgery, technology used, and intraocular lens chosen. The city offers a wide range of treatment options, making cataract care accessible to different economic groups.

Preventing or Delaying Cataract

While cataracts cannot always be prevented, certain measures may help slow their progression:

• Wearing sunglasses to protect against UV rays
• Eating a healthy diet rich in vitamins and antioxidants
• Managing conditions like diabetes effectively
• Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
• Undergoing regular eye check-ups

Conclusion

Cataract is a common and treatable condition that can significantly affect vision and quality of life. In Kolkata, access to modern diagnostic tools, advanced surgical techniques, and comprehensive eye care has made cataract treatment safe and effective. Early detection, timely surgery, and proper aftercare can restore clear vision and help individuals maintain an active and independent lifestyle. Regular eye examinations remain essential for long-term eye health.