The Climate Tool: The Expanding CCS Market
CCS stands for Carbon Capture and Storage. The CCS market is the commercial deployment of this technology, capturing CO2 from industrial processes and power generation and storing it underground. CCS is considered essential for reaching net-zero targets, particularly for "hard-to-abate" sectors like cement and steel. As the number of CCS projects increases globally, the CCS market is growing rapidly, driven by policy and corporate commitments.
The broader carbon capture storage market is the overall category. The CCS market for "cement" is critical, as cement production emits CO2 both from fuel combustion and from the chemical reaction (calcination of limestone). The CCS market for "steel" (using hydrogen or CCUS) is also important. The CCS market for "hydrogen" production from natural gas (blue hydrogen) uses CCS to capture the CO2, providing a low-carbon hydrogen source.
The CCS market for "direct air capture" (DAC) is a separate but related segment (often called carbon removal). The CCS market for "Bioenergy with CCS" (BECCS) captures CO2 from biomass combustion, resulting in negative emissions (if the biomass is sustainably sourced). The CCS market for "BECCS" is a key technology in many IPCC scenarios. The CCS market for "ocean" storage (injection into deep ocean) is not allowed under international law (London Protocol).
The CCS market for "transport" infrastructure is a key enabler. The CCS market for "CO2 pipelines" is mature in the US (for EOR) but less developed elsewhere. The CCS market for "ship transport" of CO2 (similar to LPG) is being developed for projects where pipelines are not feasible. The CCS market for "intermediate" storage (buffer tanks) is required for ship loading.
The CCS market for "monitoring" is required to ensure that stored CO2 does not leak. The CCS market for "geophysical" monitoring (seismic surveys) and "geochemical" monitoring (sampling groundwater) are standard. The CCS market for "satellite" monitoring for surface leaks is also used.
Looking ahead, the CCS market will see the deployment of "open-access" CO2 transport and storage networks. The CCS market for "CO2" as a commodity (for use in synthetic fuels, plastics, or building materials) is called CCU (utilization). The CCS market is not a silver bullet, but it is an essential part of the climate toolkit.
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